介詞的用法區(qū)別

⑴ 時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別：

表示時(shí)間時(shí), in表示在一段時(shí)間里(在將來(lái)時(shí)句子中則表示在一段時(shí)間之后), on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者瞬間;

表示地點(diǎn)時(shí), in表示在某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi), on表示在某個(gè)平面上或與一個(gè)面相接觸,at則表示在某個(gè)具體的場(chǎng)所或地點(diǎn)。

如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)

I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七點(diǎn)鐘起床)

His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)

He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在電影院)

⑵ after與in表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別：

“after+(具體時(shí)刻/從句)”表示“在…時(shí)刻之后”常用于一般時(shí)態(tài);“in+(一段時(shí)間)”表示“在(多久) 之后”,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。

如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他說(shuō)他六點(diǎn)鐘之后會(huì)來(lái)這兒)

My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父親大約一個(gè)月以后從英國(guó)回來(lái))

⑶ since與for表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別：

“since+(具體時(shí)刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現(xiàn)在”,“for +(一段時(shí)間)”表示“總共有…之久”,都常用于完成時(shí)態(tài);

如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)

Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在這家工廠已經(jīng)工作了30多年)

⑷ by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別：

都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個(gè)交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動(dòng)句中可以表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;in表示“使用”某種語(yǔ)言/文字,with表示“使用”某個(gè)具體的工具、手段。

如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)

Please write that article(文章) in English.(請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫那篇文章)

Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我們打的去動(dòng)物園吧。)

It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍寫的)

⑸ about與on的用法區(qū)別：

都可以表示“有關(guān)…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關(guān)…(專題/課程)”。

如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(湯姆要作一個(gè)美國(guó)歷史的報(bào)告)

They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談?wù)撝�即將�?lái)到的野外旅游)

⑹ through與across、over的用法區(qū)別：

through指“穿過(guò)…(門洞/人群/樹林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過(guò)…”時(shí)只能用over.

如：Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時(shí)一只老鼠跑過(guò)路面)

There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)

They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過(guò)大山提前到達(dá)了那里)

The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過(guò)一個(gè)大門來(lái)到另一個(gè)公園)

(7)as與like的區(qū)別：

兩個(gè)詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業(yè)、職務(wù)、作用等事實(shí),而like譯為“像……一樣”,表示外表,不是事實(shí)。

如：Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和你講話。)(說(shuō)話者是聽(tīng)者的父親)

Let me speak to you like a father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說(shuō)話者不是聽(tīng)者的父親)

(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區(qū)別：

at the end of…既可以表示時(shí)間也可以表示地點(diǎn),譯為“在…末;在…盡頭”,常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用;

by the end of…只能表示時(shí)間,譯為“在…前;到…為止”,常用于過(guò)去完成時(shí);

in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終于、最后”,通常用于過(guò)去時(shí);

to the end譯為“到…的終點(diǎn)為止”,前面往往有表示運(yùn)動(dòng)或連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。

如：By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上學(xué)期期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了第三冊(cè)16個(gè)單元)

At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)

They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他們動(dòng)身去了北京)

In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)

We should go on with the work to the end.(我們應(yīng)該把工作干到底)

Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見(jiàn)一家郵電局)

(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區(qū)別：

for a moment“一會(huì)兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;

for the moment“暫時(shí)、目前”,常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí);in a moment“一會(huì)兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于將來(lái)時(shí);

at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

如：Please wait for a moment.(請(qǐng)稍等)

Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暫時(shí)就維持現(xiàn)狀吧!)

I’ll come back in a moment.(我過(guò)會(huì)兒回來(lái))

I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)

(10)but的問(wèn)題：

用介詞but引出另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí),要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形動(dòng)詞,前面沒(méi)有do時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞要加to。

如：I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等)

They had no choice but to fight.(他們沒(méi)有選擇只有戰(zhàn)斗)

(11) except，except for，besides，other than，apart from的區(qū)別

1.except和besides都可解作“除……之外”，但含義不同，except表示“從所提到的人或事物中除去，即從整體中除去一部分”，表示遞減的概念，含義是否定的。besides表示“除了……之外,還有……”，指“在整體中加入一部分”，表示遞加的概念，含義是肯定的。

試比較：

①We all went except him.

除他之外,我們都去了.(他沒(méi)有去)

②We all went besides him.

除他之外,我們大家也都去了.(他也去了)

(1)besides常與other/more/else等詞連用，except常與all/every/everyone/none/nobody/everything/nothing等總括詞連用。

e.g. He had other people to take care of besides me.

All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.

(2)若句中沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，except后接動(dòng)詞不定式，要加上to，而besides后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式.

Had no choice except to obey/besides obeying his order.

(3)若句中有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，二者后面都可以接動(dòng)詞原形。

She has nothing to do except/besides go with him.

(4)二者后面都可以接從句.

①Besides that he explained the theory he gave us some examples.

②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.

(5)except后面可接for(構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)except for)或其他介詞短語(yǔ)，而besides不能。

except for主要有三層含義：

①表示對(duì)整體主要部分的肯定和對(duì)局部的否定?起部分修正主要意思的作用.

Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.

②表示非同類事物進(jìn)行比較.

The street is empty except for several cars.

③置于句首,表達(dá)except的含義.

Except for this，everything is in order.

except for后接名(代)詞，可以轉(zhuǎn)移為except+從句或其他介詞短語(yǔ).

The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains;except that it sometimes rains;except on the rainy days)

注意：二者用于否定句時(shí)含義相同,意思是一樣的.

He did nothing besides (=except) this.

除這件事外,他什么事也沒(méi)做.

2.apart from兼有besides和except for兩種含義,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞.

3.but含義與except相同,都表示遞減的概念，二者在多數(shù)情況下可以互換，但用法稍有區(qū)別。

①except可以代替but，但but并不一定都可以代替except。如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代詞或疑問(wèn)詞時(shí),多用but，后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),多用except.

②but for含義有時(shí)與except for相同,但主要表示“要不是……”,常用于虛擬句,表示一種假設(shè).

③but位置的變化會(huì)引起人稱代詞主、賓格的變化.

No one but I (=except me) knows it.

No one knows it but me (=except me).

4.other than含義與except/but相同,都表示從總體中除去一部分，后接名詞、代詞或不定式.

In that case，there is nothing you can do other than wait.

　　 歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪問(wèn)中考網(wǎng)，2025中考一路陪伴同行！>>點(diǎn)擊查看